The imperative form is extremely rare in modern Japanese, restricted to set patterns like 遅 ( おそ )かれ 早 ( はや )かれ ( e. For the polite negatives of adjectival nouns, see also the section below on the copula. These then form the following derived forms:Īdjectives too are governed by euphonic rules in certain cases. It can be useful to define a few stem forms for adjectives as these form building blocks for other forms. The politeness is only determined by whether the (polite present positive, in all tenses) copula is added. The い-adjectives have a somewhat simple conjugation pattern. Exceptions are the plain present positive, where the copula is omitted, and the polite past negative which has an alternative reading. It should not come as a surprise that the な-adjectives - being grammatical nouns - "conjugate" by having the copula added. Like verbs, we can enumerate some common conjugations of adjectives. It’s the equivalent of saying ‘cell’ in English).Basic conjugations けいたいでんわ (keitaidenwa)-cellphone (You can also just sayけいたい (keitai) for cellphone. プール (pu-ru) – pool (written in katakana because it’s an English word) Here’s a list of all of the vocab used in today’s post. But, as an irregular adjective, the first い also becomes よ to create よくありません. As an いい adjective, the finalい is dropped and thenくありません is added. Once again, camera is written in katakana because it is an English word that is used in Japanese. です is placed at the end of the adjective. It conjugates just like any other い adjective. Second, いい used at the end of a sentence. Restaurant is written in katakana because it is an English word that is used in Japanese. いい is placed in front of the noun to modify it. Here are いい’s positive conjugations used in a few more sentences.įirst, いい used with a noun. But I’ll put them down here so that you can see them for reference. We haven’t gone into past tense yet, so I didn’t want to discuss いい’s usage in past tense in the main post. Here’s a list of いい’s です/ます (Desu/masu-the conjugation we’ve been working with in my grammar posts) conjugations. I think the best way to learn a word with an irregular conjugation is to see all its conjugations together so that you can keep them straight. But once you conjugate it in other ways, it starts getting interesting. As long as it stays in present positive, it acts completely normally. In review, いい(ii) is a irregular い adjective. There is a subject, a subject marker, and an adjective, all in their normal places. きっさてんのおちゃはよくありません。 (Kissaten no ocha wa yokuarimasen.)īesides the irregular adjective, this is still a pretty normal sentence. Let’s look at that a little more closely.ĬAUTION! First い becomes よ because いい is irregular! The final negative conjugation of いい is よくありません (yokuarimasen). Being an い adjective, the final い is dropped in the negative conjugation and くありません is added instead. On a side note, pool is written in katakana because it is an English word that is used in Japanese.īut what if you want to say something isn’t good? I’m glad you asked because this is when いい becomes irregular. It conjugates with です just like any other い adjective. Once again, いい’s usage in this sentence is straightforward. いい can be conjugated with ですand go at the end of a sentence too! Looser, less definite times like yesterday, today, or last year don’t take the marker. However, only specific times such as days, hours, time on a clock, etc use it. I talked about this in my sentence structure post, but that was a while ago. The second thing to notice in this sentence is that きのう (kinou) doesn’t take a time marker. As I’ve said before, as long as the topic is implied within context, you can drop it and its marker. First, you might notice that the subject has been dropped. So instead, let’s look at the other two things going on in this sentence. いい sits right in front of its noun in this sentence like any adjective would. And they do in the negative form and past tense (which we haven’t gotten into yet).īut let’s start slow and begin with the easy stuff. However, being irregular, things are bound to get funny at some point. You can put it in front of a noun in a sentence or conjugate it with です, just like you would with any otherい adjective. After all, it ends with い and it follows the same rules as い adjectives… generally. However, it happens to be a very useful, highly used adjective. Japanese Grammar: いい, the irregular adjective
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